The Sources Of ShakespeareS Plays Essays - Characters In Macbeth

The Sources Of Shakespeare'S Plays: Shakespeare, Macbeth is created by combining two people, Makbeth and Donwald. Also, the murder of Shakespeare's King Duncan, comes almost directly from Donwald's murder of Holinshed's King Duff. Shakespeare also condensed Macbeth's seventeen year reign into a period consisting of a couple of weeks. The saying that ?history is written by the victors? holds true here. After Malcolm ascended to power he proceeded to rewrite history to make his family justified in overthrowing Macbeth. This editing of history made the real Macbeth darker and more evil and made King Duncan, making him more docile and kind. The Celtic customs of succession were ignored in Shakespeare's play, and with that, so was Macbeth's claim to the throne by being the worthiest of the kinsman. Due to the amount and context of the information used by Shakespeare, I have decided to go through Shakespeare's Macbeth explaining the play and then summarizing the information from Holinshed's and explaining the parallels. In the paragraphs pertaining to the plot of Shakespeare's Macbeth, I will use the names given by the author (e.g. Macbeth, Macduff, Banquo, etc.). To avoid confusion as to what is being discussed (Shakespeare's story line or how he uses Holinshed's), bold type will be used when referring to Holinshed's work ( I will also use the chronicler's spellings of the names -- e.g. Makbeth, Makduffe, Banquho), while plain type will be used when referring to Shakespeare's plot. The page numbers cited in reference to Holinshed's pertain to W.G. Broswell-Stone's 1896 printing of Shakespeare's Holinshed. Shakespeare's Macbeth opens on three witches. They speak in rhymes that sound like magical incantations, they then agree to meet again when the battle between Scotland and Norway, (from which Macbeth is about to return) is over. One of the witches says that they will soon meet with Macbeth. We are then taken from the heath on which the witches met, to King Duncan's court. A messenger returns from the war with Norway with news of victory, due mostly to Macbeth's bravery. Other soldiers enter and report that Macdonwald, the Thane of Cawdor, assisted the enemy, but that Duncan's forces had won despite the betrayal. King Duncan declares a death sentence on Macdonwald and bestows his title (Thane of Cawdor) upon Macbeth, who has not yet returned or been told of this honor. In Holinshed's (pg. 168-170) Makdonwald, the Thane of Cawdor, rebels against the King with the assistance of troops from Ireland. Makbeth and Banquho are dispatched to put down the rebellion. Shakespeare deviates from Holinshed's here, by saying that Macbeth defeats Macdonwald in battle, while in Holinshed's, Makdonwald, seeing the size and ferocity of Makbeth's forces, kills his family and then himself, as to avoid capture. Makbeth finds the body, decapitates the slain noble and parades around with Makdonwald's head on a pole, then chases the recently arrived army from Norway back to their ships. For Makbeth's courage and tactics in battle, he is granted the slain Thane's lands and riches. Macbeth and his friend Banquo encounter the witches on their way home from the battlefield. The witches call to Macbeth, saying: ?All hail! (I, iii, 47-50) calling him by his present title, the Thane of Glamis, as well as the Thane of Cawdor, and proclaiming that he ?shalt be King hereafter. Macbeth, having not yet heard of his promotion to Thane of Cawdor is confused. But the idea of becoming king intrigues him. Banquo asks the witches about their predictions for him, and they respond, in their usual ways of half-truths and contradiction, that he will be Lesser than Macbeth, and greater?, ?Not so happy yet much happier? and ?Though shalt get kings though thou be none (I, iii, 65-67). Macbeth demands that the witches give him an explanation for their prophecy, but they vanish. Soon after this strange occurrence, Macbeth and Banquo are greeted by the King's messengers. They inform Macbeth of his new title, the Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth tells Banquo that this is proof that the witches' prophecies are true. Macbeth's continues to think about becoming king, and he wonders if he will have to commit murder to attain what he has been promised . The scene ends with Macbeth whispering to Banquo that they must discuss all that has happened at a more appropriate time. This scene was taken almost verbatim from Holinshed's. Makbeth and Banquho encountered the witches or ?weird sisters? and were greeted with ?All haile, Makbeth, thane of Glammis!?, ?Haile, Makbeth, thane of Cawder!?,

Free Essays on Kid Nutrition

There are five basic food groups, vegetables, fruits, grains, dairy products and the protein groups. What is an RDA? It won’t be uncalled for to see a question where they define it and you have to pick out the answer. "Levels for intakes for the central nutrients that, on the basis of scientific knowledge, are judged by the Food and Nutrition Board to be adequate to meet the known nutrition needs of practically all healthy persons." It’s pretty vague, isn’t it? What’s an essential nutrient? That’s something that’s got to be provided exogenously usually from your diet because our bodies cannot synthesize it at a sufficient rate to meet the needs of our body. There are some things that we can make but we can’t make enough of and we need to get them from our foods in order to avoid having a deficiency. What are the eight major categories of nutrients? All of these are considered nutrients, so there are eight that our body needs that are really essential. You can’t have a normally functioning body without all of them. Be aware that when we are born we are mostly water. But when we are young adults we become more and more fat. And when we are elderly, you are 70% fat. Total body water is affected, of course, by our age, our sex, our body composition and the total body water decreases with age and changes in body fat. All pretty obvious. The consequences of providing adequate amounts of nutrients without adequate amounts of fluid, dehydration, excessive renal solid load and an inefficient use and waste of calories. What are our daily maintenance fluid requirements for infants and children? Again, it’s not uncommon to ask really simple things about how much water infants or children at different ages might require per day. Again, you should be able to figure that out. The re often are questions like, 10 kg infants should be given so much fluid per day and they’ll list a number, various numbers, and you’ll have to figure ... Free Essays on Kid Nutrition Free Essays on Kid Nutrition There are five basic food groups, vegetables, fruits, grains, dairy products and the protein groups. What is an RDA? It won’t be uncalled for to see a question where they define it and you have to pick out the answer. "Levels for intakes for the central nutrients that, on the basis of scientific knowledge, are judged by the Food and Nutrition Board to be adequate to meet the known nutrition needs of practically all healthy persons." It’s pretty vague, isn’t it? What’s an essential nutrient? That’s something that’s got to be provided exogenously usually from your diet because our bodies cannot synthesize it at a sufficient rate to meet the needs of our body. There are some things that we can make but we can’t make enough of and we need to get them from our foods in order to avoid having a deficiency. What are the eight major categories of nutrients? All of these are considered nutrients, so there are eight that our body needs that are really essential. You can’t have a normally functioning body without all of them. Be aware that when we are born we are mostly water. But when we are young adults we become more and more fat. And when we are elderly, you are 70% fat. Total body water is affected, of course, by our age, our sex, our body composition and the total body water decreases with age and changes in body fat. All pretty obvious. The consequences of providing adequate amounts of nutrients without adequate amounts of fluid, dehydration, excessive renal solid load and an inefficient use and waste of calories. What are our daily maintenance fluid requirements for infants and children? Again, it’s not uncommon to ask really simple things about how much water infants or children at different ages might require per day. Again, you should be able to figure that out. The re often are questions like, 10 kg infants should be given so much fluid per day and they’ll list a number, various numbers, and you’ll have to figure ...

A Case Study Of Mental Health

A Case Study Of Mental Health Mental health has become a major global problem. It affects 450 million people and one in four of us will suffer from mental ill- health at some time in our lives (WHO, 2001). Mental Health is † used positively to indicate a state of psychological well- being, negatively to indicate its opposite ( as in ‘mental health problems’) or euphemistically to indicate facilities used by, or imposed upon , people with mental health problems ( as in ‘mental health services’). During the nineteenth century, all patients were certified under lunacy laws. That is, the State only made provisions for the control of madness. The fledgling profession of psychiatry ( this term was first used in Britain in 1858) was singularly preoccupied with segregating and managing lunatics . With the emergence of the First World War, soldiers began to break down with ‘shellshock’ now called ‘post – traumatic stress disorder’ . From this point on, psyc hiatry extended its jurisdiction from madness to versions of nervousness provoked by stress or trauma. In the twentieth century, more abnormal mental states came within its jurisdiction, such as those due to alcohol and drug abuse and personality problems. Today, ‘mental health services’ may be offered to, or be imposed upon, people with this wide range of problems, although madness or ‘severe mental illness’ still captures most of the attention of professionals .Another aspects of the term ‘mental health problems’ is that some people, critical of psychiatric terminology, object of scientific or logical grounds to notions like ‘mental illness’ or ‘mental disorder’. In the 1983 Act and equivalent Scottish legislation ‘ mental illness’ is not defined. However, Article 3(1) of the Northern Ireland Order does define it as ‘ a state of mind which affects a person’s thinking, perceiving, emotion or judgement to the extent that he requires care or medical treatment in his own interests of other persons’. Neither the Scottish nor Northern Ireland definitions include psychopathic disorder and there has recently been some discussion in the context of review of the Mental Health Act about removing it in England and Wales. Issues concerning mental health have been raised substantially in the consciousness of politicians, the media, and the public. Moreover, the ‘burden’ of mental disorder is regarded not just as a – if not the- principal cause of human misery, but as a significant impediment to social and economic growth. Measurement of the years of potential life lost and the years of productive life lost through mental ill- health could reach 15% of all diseases and deaths globally by 2020 (WHO, 1999). A further dimension of inequalities in the apparent scale of mental health problems is race. Race is controversial to define. Genetic distinctions between groups of humans ( other based on sex) have little empirical basis. Racial distinctions arose from anthropological investigations carried out by colonized indigenous people. However, because of colonization, the social identity of these people became real for them and others. In the United States black patients are overrepresented in mental institutions, and have become increasingly so over the postwar period. This has particularly been the case within state mental hospitals, where minority groups constitute 35 per cent of the hospital population, and are subject to higher rates of admission and readmission. In a review of eight epidemiological studies conducted in the United States between the late 1950’s and mid- 1970’s, Kessler and Neighbors (1986) found that among persons with low incomes black people exhibited significantly more distress than white people. They claimed, therefore, that race is an important independent variable in determining the likelihood of an individual becoming mentally ill. There is some dispute over what to make of this evidence. Cockerham (1990) maintains that the majority of studies on the incidence and distribution of mental health problems suggest that race is not an independent variable:†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ race alone does not appear to produce higher rates of mental disorder for particular groups’. Rather, it is because more black people are in the lower social cases that they tend to demonstrate more signs of mental distress. Others, however, disagree. Halpern (1993) argues that minority status can be demonstrated to result in a tendency towards psychiatric problems.

Big foot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Big foot - Essay Example This could seem funny, but to some it is not. Bigfoot has been described as a real cave man. In 2007, Robert Wilson a Vancouver resident stated that he saw a large and hairy man who looked like a cave man. This strengthened the earlier theory that indeed, Bigfoot is a man. Those who dispute the Bigfoot conspiracy justify it by saying that there have never been corpses of bigfeet men found anywhere. But the supporters of this conspiracy use the counter argument that big feet bury their dead, and in fact, they are mentioned in the Bible in the book of Genesis. In 1999, there are those who claim that in the Battle Mountain fires, one Bigfoot was injured and taken away for treatment by government officials. Another theory is that just like there are gay people; it is believed that 10% of bigfeet also known as sasquatches are also gay. This is according to Loren Coleman, a cryptozoologist. But there are also those people who claim that the male sasquatches sodomize male domestic

Current Economic Issue Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Current Economic Issue Article Review - Essay Example The issue was raised at the end of March 2009 by Jamie Dimon, the head of JPMorgan Chase, two heads of other large banks and the president of the Independent Community Bankers. They applied to the president Barack Obama and the  Treasury  secretary,  Timothy F. Geithner, stating that â€Å"this is a source of considerable consternation† and declaring about the complaints small and large banks have about the high premium (Labaton and Andrews, 2009). Moreover, banking industry is anxious about the stress test, which could be held by the president administrations in order to impose changes on the banks’ management that may imply appointment of new officials. Officials in their turn understand that it is necessary to take new steps, are ready to create new plans. Barack Obama stated: â€Å"You will be seeing additional actions by the administration† (Labaton and Andrews, 2009).   The problem is that the strain between the banks and the government is increasing because the government already does not have enough finances and can’t do without premium that is not paid by the bank. There is a necessary to ask Congress for more money, however Congress requires the presentation of the first program results. Treasury Officials report that the fund is dwindling and they do not have enough finances to help more banks and other industries. Senator  Charles E. Schumer states: â€Å"Between now and  Memorial Day  we’re going to know a whole lot more about the degree of trouble the banks are in†¦ At the same time, we will begin to have a good initial reading as to how well the administration’s programs are working† (Labaton and Andrews, 2009). The top priority for the government is how to make the weak institutions reduce their failing mortgages. The investigation shows that American banks have approximately $1 trillion of deteriorating mortgages, however, they did not document all the losses they have. Moreover, it was determined that banks set

Water and Quality Contamination Essay Example for Free

Water and Quality Contamination Essay Introduction. Background: According to the Millennium Development Goals Report 2012, 783 million people, or 11 per cent of the global population, remain without access to an improved source of drinking water. Also the United Nations has long been addressing the global crisis caused by insufficient water supply to satisfy basic human needs and growing demands on the world’s water resources to meet human, commercial and agricultural needs (un.org). In this experiment water quality and contamination of groundwater was investigated. First, I observed the effects that many pollutants have on groundwater. I predict that in this experiment the oil and vinegar will create the large amount of contamination in the water, while the laundry detergent will just create an aroma smell to it. Considering the smells and color to these ingredients I think that it will cause the water quality to have a bad smell and cause the water to be very cloudy. Once filtering the contaminated water, the water will be clear and purified. Second, I will experiment water treatment and filtering. I predict that once the contaminated water is treated and filtered that it will leave me with less contamination or none at all. Then for the last experiment, I will determine the difference between bottled water and tap water to discover any contamination. I predict that the tap water will be the most contaminated and with the most chemicals in it, while the bottled waters; Dasani and Fiji will be completely filtered and free of any chemicals. Objective: The objective of groundwater sampling is to determine whether or  not the quality of the water is poor or valuable enough to drink, and then it leads to decontamination and filtering. Contaminants can move from food, soil, air and water. It is important to note that groundwater and surface water may act both as pathways. Evaluation of surface and ground waters as part of contaminated site investigation studies is, therefore, a major concern. Hypothesis: There were three different steps to this investigation to determine the final hypothesis. The first experiment was the effects of groundwater contamination, second was water treatment and third was drinking water quality. There are a variety of portable sampling devices available for the collection of groundwater, however, each application has different standards and is dependent on the contaminants. A number of different sampling devices and their being able to be used are used to determine the contamination. Techniques for the preservation and analysis of samples and quality assurance and quality control are also presented. Materials and Methods: Experiment #1: In order to determine my final hypothesis I had to experiment many different methods. The first method was to experiment the effects of groundwater contamination. My first step to this method was to gather all the proper materials, which included water, vegetable oil, vinegar, laundry detergent, and 240 mL of soil, cheesecloth and beakers. I started by labeling all the beakers 1-8, so that I can do comparisons and so forth. Then, I carried on to filling the beakers with water. Once adding water I then put oil, vinegar and laundry detergent into three different beakers, then mixed them and recorded my observations. After this objective was complete I drained the contaminated water into cheesecloth and recorded my observations from that as well. Experiment #2: In the second experiment, I filtered the water as to how water is properly filtered in order to purify it to drink it. The materials used in this experiment were 100 mL potting soil, beakers, 40 mL sand, 20 mL acti vated charcoal, 60 mL Gravel, alum, bleach, cheesecloth, funnel and graduated cylinder. The first step I took was adding 100 mL of soil to a beaker and adding 200 mL of water to it. Then, with two beakers I went back and forth between the two with the soil  and the sand. Once the solution was created I placed the newly contaminated water into another beaker. Once I completed that I added 10 grams of alum to the contaminated water, stirred it slowly for 2 minutes and waited 15 minutes for results, then recorded them. Meanwhile, I continued to experiment by putting a piece of cheesecloth into a funnel and the funnel into a beaker. On top of the cheesecloth 20 mL of sand, then 20 mL of activated charcoal, then 40 mL of gravel was added. Tap water was then ran through the mixture and waited five minutes to filter and see results. A few drops of bleach were then added to the water to create the filtered water. Then the two results were compared. Experiment #3: In the third experiment, tap water and bottled water were tested and compared to determine if there are health benefits in drinking bottled water. The materials used for this experiment were Dasani and Fiji bottled water, ammonia test strips, chloride test strips, 4-in-1 test strips, phosphate test strips, iron test strips, beakers, Para film, pipettes, and foil packets of reducing powder. First, all three types of water were placed into three separate beakers for further testing. The first test ammonia test strips were used, and then I recorded my results, this process continued with all the other testing strips for my final hypothesis. Hypothesis: My hypothesis was confirmed. At first I did not get much of a good response from the treatment because it was still filled with dirt. The tap water had higher levels of everything during the experiment while the treated water had none. The smell of tap was the smell of city public water while the treated water smelt like bleach. It is better the go through the filtration process. What are the steps to this process are as filtration and disinfection. In this lab I used all these steps to perform water treatment. After this experiment my hypothesis was denied. I thought that the tap water would be the only contaminated water when it was just the most contaminated while the bottled water was indeed clear and filtered, but it was not 100% clear of all contaminants. The major differences are that tap water definitely with holds much more contaminants than bottled or filtered water. My tap water seems as if it isn’t to badly contaminated and is drinkable. I definitely believe that bottled water is a better drinking water and you cant be to safe to consume tap water. Context: Bottled water can come from wells, springs, artesian wells, or the municipal water supply. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulate it as a food product. It is important to note that the FDAs standards are essentially the same as those set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which regulates public water supplies. In some states, however, bottled water requirements are stricter than those for tap water are (people.chem.duke). Overall, the experiments went really well and it was good to learn about the water that we intake. Discovering the effects of groundwater contamination and the quality of water was a huge success. In these processes I discovered the importance to having filtrated water. The  process in this involves many different steps, but after taking all the required steps it leads to have clean and purified water, which is benefits society health. Variables and Futures Experiments: The point of experiment one is for us to get an understanding of the difference substances that are affected on ground water. Conclusions The threat of harmful contaminants in drinking water can no longer be reasonably ignored. The correlation between contaminated drinking water and many significant diseases and health problems is far too strong to discount ( historyofwaterfilters). At the end of the day we as people need water to survive. Millions of Americans receive high quality drinking water every day from their public water systems, (which may be publicly or privately owned). Nonetheless, drinking water safety cannot be taken for granted. SDWA applies to every public water system in the United States. There are currently more than 160,000 public water systems providing water to almost all Americans at some time in their lives(water.epa.gov). It is important to know that the water you are drinking in safe and it is healthy it doesn’t matter if the water is from the bottle or the tap. References http://www.historyofwaterfilters.com/conclusion.html http://people.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/water/wattap.html http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/water/ http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/index.cfm

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essay -- essays research pa

Not so free after all   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Big Brothers eyes are over watching us everyday. The privacy we once had has dissipated. His focal point is in the sky like an eagle stocking its prey. The camera lenses of Big Brother dwell everywhere. Big Brother is always awake and has an eye on us. As of today, Big Brother has risen taller and mightier. He has gained the power to control what we can have knowledge about and has infiltrated into our private lives. George Orwell’s novel 1984, prophesied coming of our democracy of a negative utopia has been proven by current events. Today, the United States democracy is looking much like the totalitarian state of 1984. Tactics of persuasions to make citizens believe their economy is improving occurred in 1984 and now in ours. Big Brother regulated the media in Oceania just as America does now. Reporters fired from speaking to foreigners, lies Administrators from the party tell their citizens, imperialism to gain territory for natural resources, and the rep risal from the government from individuals who seem unorthodox.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the years in presidential elections, much bribery has been conducted to assure another presidential term. Citizens expect and would take pleasure in a president who would improve the economy so they could live in a place that accommodates there budget. A current event that is taking place of such an issue is with Mr. President Bush. â€Å"In an interview that aired Sunday on CBS, Woodward, a Washington Post editor, said that Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the United States, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, had promised President Bush that the Saudis would cut oil prices before November to ensure the U.S. economy was strong on Election Day.†(Schoen) With this on hand, many citizens with be lulled to believe Mr. Bush is doing a fantastic job with our economy, escalading to a re-election from the voters who were persuaded by Bush’s plan. Of course, not everybody has heard of this prophesied event, because it never was made a real major issue that was broadcasted worldwide through the media. It was introduced once, then vanished so not to make a major scene. Probably when Mr. Bush seen somebody made a degrading report that may effect his re-election, he told his friend Collin Powell, chairman of the FCC, to make it disappear or a least hide it. Just as the Party did in ... ...? Isn’t this after all a democracy? Isn’t democracy defined as a government by the people? Well, Mr. President Bush seems to abolish this definition, and so does Big Brother. The only voice heard is Big Brothers. It seems like Mr. President Bush is an exact clone of Big Brother. He regulates the media on what to let us know and what not to know. Constant lies continuously being thrown at us, and for the most part, we believe them, because the party is in possession of absolute truth. We live in such a time where it is an exact simile of a prison. Where talking to one another is prohibited, freedom of speech is restricted, and forced to believe two plus two equal five. The telescreen is every where in our society, and a thought police exist. America is not viewed as it once was. We no longer can say America is the land of the free, because it isn’t. Lady Liberty no longer stands for land of the free. America is a steal train driven by thieves that high jacked it, and we are the ones in a remote destination fueling it. Clueless on where we are going, and helpless in gaining control. The tracks are not laid out by us, but by the thieves that drive this monstrous machine.